A double perimeter, razor ribbon reinforced, alarmed and patrolled fence is required for this level of security. The city has the 4th-highest number of automobiles per capita in the European Union at 546.4 vehicles per 1,000 people. Sofia is the 13th largest city in the European Union. The city is home to a number of large sports venues, including the 43,000-seat Vasil Levski National Stadium which hosts international football matches, as well as Balgarska Armia Stadium, Georgi Asparuhov Stadium and Lokomotiv Stadium, the main venues for outdoor musical concerts. Founded thousands of years ago, today the city continues to develop as the country's cultural and economic center. "Sofia. Sofia is located in the western part of the country, on The Sofia Plain and the lower slopes of Mount Vitosha. The Iskar River in its upper course flows near eastern Sofia. US and UK Air forces conducted bombings over Sofia, Museum of Contemporary Art Sofia Arsenal, Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Vladislav the Grammarian 73rd Secondary School, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, List of twin towns and sister cities in Bulgaria, " | ", "Archaeologist Discovers 8,000-Year-Old Nephrite 'Frog-like' Swastika in Slatina Neolithic Settlement in Bulgaria's Capital Sofia Archaeology in Bulgaria", "CITIES AND THEIR URBANISED AREAS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA", "Nsi National Register of Populated Places ", "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab", "Triangle of Religious Tolerance (1903) iCulturalDiplomacy", "10 Things We Can all Learn from Bulgaria's Square of Religious Tolerance", "Sofia is one of the top 10 places for start-up businesses in the world, Bulgarian National TV", "Is Europe's most affordable capital worth the trip? Lines 5 and 13 are shorter and provide connections to Kulata and Bankya, respectively. The slopes are suitable for both experienced skiers beginners. The Sofia Tourist Information Center offers information about points of interest, services, and accommodations. ", "Bulgarian Crime Where killing is a habit", "BBC NEWS Europe Romania and Bulgaria join the EU", Crime Rates in Bulgaria's Sofia on the Rise, " 10 000 , 7000 ", "UPDATE: Stallone Returning to NU BOYANA Film Studios in Bulgaria for 'Rambo 5', "Journey.bg History of the Sofia velodrome", "Swimming pools in Sofia (including Spa centers)", "Population | National statistical institute", " ", "Population and Demographic Processes in 2014 (Final data) National statistical institute", "Sofia ranks 30th in GDP/capita, employment growth 20132014 global report", "Global Metro Monitor An Uncertain recovery", "10 Top Cities Around The World To Launch Your Startup", "Regional gross domestic product (PPS per inhabitant at current market prices), by NUTS 3 regions", "Average monthly wages and salaries of the employees under labour contract by statistical regions and districts", "Coca-Cola Opens Its 2nd Largest Globally IT Center in Sofia", "VMware to invest 23M and Grow the Site in Sofia to over 1500 People", "Bosch Group Officially Opened its New Office in Sofia", "Financial Times Expands Its Team in Sofia", "The Software Company Experian Opened its New Office Building in Sofia", "American Control System Solutions Manufacturer Woodward Opens Production in Sofia", "Festo to Invest 25.6 mln. Bianquis, C.E. [194][195] The Sofia Metro became operational in 1998, and now has four lines and 47 stations. The fall of the strategic city prompted a major and ultimately disastrous invasion of Bulgaria by the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I, which led to his demise at the hands of the Bulgarian army. These services are conducted under five initiatives. According to the census, 1,056,738 citizens (87.9%) are recorded as ethnic Bulgarians, 17,550 (1.5%) as Romani, 6,149 (0.5%) as Turks, 9,569 (0.8%) belonged to other ethnic groups, 6,993 (0.6%) do not self-identify and 105,762 (8.8%) remained with undeclared affiliation. The earliest works where this latest name is registered are the duplicate of the Gospel of Serdica, in a dialogue between two salesmen from Dubrovnik around 1359, in the 14th-century Vitosha Charter of Bulgarian tsar Ivan Shishman and in a Ragusan merchant's notes of 1376. The urban area of Sofia hosts some 1.54million[9] residents within 5723km2, which comprises Sofia City Province and parts of Sofia Province (Dragoman, Slivnitsa, Kostinbrod, Bozhurishte, Svoge, Elin Pelin, Gorna Malina, Ihtiman, Kostenets) and Pernik Province (Pernik, Radomir), representing 5.16% of the country territory. Inmate Classification - Policies Classification The Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction maintains a uniform and objective classification level system that places incarcerated individuals in the appropriate facility to ensure the safety and security of other incarcerated individuals and staff, the institution, and the community. Popov, D. Thracians, Sofia, p.h. Serdika was the favorite city of Constantine the Great (reign 306-337), who said: Serdika is my Rome. In roughly 175, massive fortified walls, with four watchtowers were built to protect the city, and a second outer fortified wall was added during the 5th-6th centuries. city of the Serdi. Sofia remained the seat of a sanjak (district). The Ottomans came to favour the name Sofya (). A monitoring station on Eagles' Bridge, where some of the highest particulate matter values were measured, was moved away from the location and has measured sharply lower values since then. During the decline of the Roman Empire, the city was raided by Huns, Visigoths, Avars and Slavs. [139] Corruption in Bulgaria also affects Sofia's authorities. Line 1 provides a connection to Plovdiv, the second-largest city in Bulgaria, while Line 2 is the longest national railway and connects Sofia and Varna, the largest coastal city. [146] Over the past two decades, numerous independent cinemas have closed and most shows are in shopping centre multiplexes. During the reign of Justinian it flourished, being surrounded with great fortress walls whose remnants can still be seen today. The origin is in the Greek word sophia () "wisdom". [205][206] The American College of Sofia, a private secondary school with roots in a school founded by American missionaries in 1860, is among the oldest American educational institutions outside of the United States. [130] One of the three buildings in the architectural ensemble, the former Bulgarian Communist Party headquarters, is due to become the seat of the Parliament. This church was built in 1912, and was designed by the Russian architect Alexander Pomerantsev. Public investments in infrastructure, education and local economy brought greater diversity to the city. Winters are relatively cold and snowy. As the city grew outwards, the then-new neighbourhoods were dominated by many concrete tower blocks, prefabricated panel apartment buildings and examples of Brutalist architecture. During the Communist era, most sports clubs concentrated on all-round sporting development, therefore CSKA, Levski, Lokomotiv and Slavia are dominant not only in football, but in many other team sports as well. [71], Particulate matter concentrations are consistently above the norm. The families that consist of two people are 46.8%, another 34.2% of the families are made up by three people, whereas most of the households (36.5%) consist of only one person.[116]. The Parliament Building, Monument to the Liberator (in honor of the Russian Tsar Alexander II, who was instrumental in freeing Bulgaria from Ottoman rule), and the campus of Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohradski are three more of the citys major symbols. Level 3 - The security level that is the next degree higher than Level 2, and requires more security/supervision than Level 2, but less than Level 4. [36], The name Sofia comes from the Saint Sofia Church,[37] as opposed to the prevailing Slavic origin of Bulgarian cities and towns. These include the 4th century Rotunda of St. George, the walls of the Serdica fortress and the partially preserved Amphitheatre of Serdica. Serdica Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Serdica. Vitosha mountain is a popular hiking destination due to its proximity and ease of access via car and public transport. [196] As of 2012[update], the system has 39km (24mi) of track. were built. [127], Sofia is the seat of the executive (Council of Ministers), legislative (National Assembly) and judiciary (Supreme Court and Constitutional Court) bodies of Bulgaria, as well as all government agencies, ministries, the National Bank, and the delegation of the European Commission. It was the first edict legalising Christianity, preceding the Edict of Milan by two years. [28] The metropolitan region of Sofia is inhabited by a population of 1.66million. [107] There was an important uprising against Ottoman rule in Sofia, Samokov and Western Bulgaria in 1737. [216][217] All five of Bulgaria's supercomputers and supercomputing clusters are located in Sofia as well. In summer, the city generally remains slightly cooler than other parts of Bulgaria, due to its higher altitude. The valley has an average altitude of 550 metres (1,800ft). Some of the neighbourhoods constructed after 2000 are densely built up and lack green spaces. Manufacturing has registered a strong recovery since 2012, increasing the exports three-fold and the employment by 52% accounting for over 70,000 jobs. The Iskar flows north toward the Balkan Mountains, passing between the eastern city suburbs, next to the main building and below the runways of Sofia Airport, and flows out of the Sofia Valley at the town of Novi Iskar, where the scenic Iskar Gorge begins.[42]. [204] The city also hosts 23 of Bulgaria's 51 higher education establishments and more than 105,000 university students. When the Romanian Army entered Vrazhdebna in 1913, then a village 11 kilometres (7 miles) from Sofia, now a suburb,[113] this prompted the Tsardom of Bulgaria to capitulate. [95] After the conquest of the Bulgarian capital Preslav by Sviatoslav I of Kyiv and John I Tzimiskes' armies in 970971, the Bulgarian Patriarch Damyan chose Sredets for his seat in the next year and the capital of Bulgaria was temporarily moved there. [43][44] Fog is not unusual, especially in the beginning of the season. ERH represents the highest level of security possible in the 3-Tier System and is reserved for those who cannot be safely managed at any lower security level. The Boyana Film studios was at the centre of a once-thriving domestic film industry, which declined significantly after 1990. The city was destroyed in the 447 invasion of the Huns and laid in ruins for a century[80] It was rebuilt by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. FAQs| OFFENDER SEARCH |CONTACT | MEDIA, 4545 Fisher Road, Suite D, Columbus, OH 43228, History of assaultive, violent, or disruptive behavior, Type of sentencing and release eligibility, Previous adjustment at less restrictive security levels, Security Classificationfor Incarcerated Persons Levels1-4 (53-CLS-01), Outside Worker Approval Process(53-CLS-03), Incarcerated Individual Separations(53-CLS-05), Interstate Corrections Compact(53-CLS-07), Construction, Activation, Maintenance and Sustainability, Incarcerated Individual Security Classification Level 4 and Protective Control (PC) at OSP (53-CLS-06), Incarcerated IndividualRequested Inter-Institution Transfers, Classification/Release of Protective Control (PC) Incarcerated Persons (53-CLS-11). This guide presents six key elements that, in combination, will help jails reduce a wide array of negative, destructive, and dangerous inmate behavior (p. v). Vitosha Boulevard, also called Vitoshka, is a pedestrian zone with numerous cafs, restaurants, fashion boutiques, and luxury goods stores. [72] In response to hazardous spikes in air pollution, the Municipal Council implemented a variety of measures in January 2018, like more frequent washing of streets. The oldest church in Sofia is the Saint George Rotunda. Level 4 -The security level that is the next degree higher than Level 3, and requires more security/supervision than Level 3. There are ten spa centers within the capitals city limits offering peace and relaxation, along with therapeutic and beauty treatments. There are more than fifteen swimming complexes in the city, most of them outdoor. [45] The snowiest recorded winter was 1995/1996 with a total snowfall of 171cm (67.3in). Name . [31][32] The emperor Marcus Ulpius Traianus (53117 AD) gave the city the combinative name of Ulpia Serdica;[33][34] Ulpia may be derived from an Umbrian cognate of the Latin word lupus, meaning "wolf"[35] or from the Latin vulpes (fox). [190], Public transport is well-developed with bus (2,380km (1,479mi)),[191] tram (308km (191mi))[192] and trolleybus (193km (120mi))[193] lines running in all areas of the city. Inmate Detail - CANO-CIFUENTES, JUAN LUIS. Serdica was the capital of the Diocese of Dacia (337-602). On average, Sofia receives a total snowfall of 96cm (37.8in) and 57 days with snow cover. Three mountain passes lead to the city, which have been key roads since antiquity, Vitosha being the watershed between Black and Aegean Seas. [122] Districts and settlements have their own governor who is elected in a popular election. Sofia (/ s o f i , s f-, s o f i / SOH-fee-, SOF-; Bulgarian: , romanized: Sofiya, IPA: ()) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria.It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. Serdica expanded, as turrets, protective walls, public baths, administrative and cult buildings, a civic basilica, an amphitheatre, a circus, the City council (Boul), a large forum, a big circus (theatre), etc. Some of Bulgaria's most famous operatic singers, such as Nicolai Ghiaurov and Ghena Dimitrova, made their first appearances on the stage of the National Opera and Ballet. Ancient Gold: The Wealth of the Thracians. Individuals will be placed at institutions that are consistent with their security classification rating. In 1530 Sofia became the capital of the Ottoman province (beylerbeylik) of Rumelia for about three centuries. The crypt of the Alexander Nevsky cathedral is another branch of the National Gallery. Close to the museum is the Boyana Church, one of the Bulgarian monuments that are listed among the UNESCO World Heritage sites. Sofia's geographic location, in the foothills of the weekend retreat Vitosha mountain, further adds to the city's specific atmosphere. Known as Serdica in Antiquity and Sredets in the Middle Ages, Sofia has been an area of human habitation since at least 7000 BC. , , 1910 , . Since it is the nations capital, Sofia constantly plays host to important cultural and musical events, conferences, and sports competitions. It is one of ODRCs central principles to treat people differently based on their conduct while incarcerated. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Nu Image acquired the studios to upgrade them into Nu Boyana Film Studios, used to shoot scenes for a number of action movies like The Expendables 2, Rambo: Last Blood and London Has Fallen.[147][148]. [81] The earliest mention of the city comes from an Athenian inscription from the 1st century BC, attesting Astiu ton Serdon, i.e. This document also provides guidelines for designing a classification system specifically for women. The report also noted that no industrial pollution monitoring stations operate in Sofia, even though industrial facilities are active in the city. In the 1st century BC, Serdika was captured by the Romans, who transformed it into a Roman city. The Iskar flows north and forms the Iskar Gorge. Odeon (not part of the Odeon Cinemas chain) shows exclusively European and independent American films, as well as 20th century classics. Out of 464,865 homes 432,847 have connection to the communal sanitary sewer, while 2,732 do not have any. The hot springs at Bankya, a nearby resort offer wonderful facilities for rest, recreation, and wellness. The city was called Atralisa by the Arab traveller Idrisi and Strelisa, Stralitsa or Stralitsion by the Crusaders. Since 2015, the National Art Gallery, the National Gallery for Foreign Art (NGFA) and the Museum of Contemporary Art Sofia Arsenal were merged to form the National Gallery. [69] The European Commission has taken Bulgaria to court over its failure to curb air pollution. [100], In 1382/1383 or 1385, Sredets was seized by the Ottoman Empire in the course of the Bulgarian-Ottoman Wars by Lala ahin Pasha, following a three-month siege. The extension of the underground system is hoped to alleviate the city's immense traffic problems. Inmate Inquiry. In 1858 Nedelya Petkova created the first Bulgarian school for women in the city. Inmate Behavior Management: The Key to a Safe and Secure Jail, Issues in Jail Operations, 2003: Perspectives from State Jail Inspection Agencies, Objective Jail Classification Systems: A Guide for Jail Administrators. [207], A number of secondary language schools provide education in a selected foreign language. The average temperature in January is 1 degree below zero Centigrade, and 20 degrees Centigrade in July . During the 1970s and the 1980s multiple ski slopes of varying difficulty were made available. Sredets joined the uprising of Peter Delyan in 10401041 in a failed attempt to restore Bulgarian independence and was the last stronghold of the rebels, led by the local commander Botko. [101] The 16th century was marked by a wave of persecutions against the Bulgarian Christians, a total of nine became New Martyrs in Sofia and were sainted by the Orthodox Church, including George the New (1515), Sophronius of Sofia (1515), George the Newest (1530), Nicholas of Sofia (1555) and Terapontius of Sofia (1555).[104]. Since Mount Vitosha is a preferred destination for the capitals residents, its fields and paths are alive with nature lovers. [189], Sofia Airport handled 7,107,096 passengers in 2019. Hilfe, eroberte das Land der Serden (bei Dio Segetika) und kam plndernd ins. The city is located at a strategic crossroads. A refurbishment project is due to be completed in mid-2019,[131] while the old National Assembly building will become a museum or will only host ceremonial political events. [166] In 2015, Forbes listed Sofia as one of the top 10 places in the world to launch a startup business, because of the low corporate tax (10%), the fast internet connection speeds available one of the fastest in the world, and the presence of several investment funds, including Eleven Startup Accelerator, LAUNCHub and Neveq. These include Tsarigradsko shose, Cherni Vrah, Bulgaria, Slivnitsa and Todor Aleksandrov boulevards, as well as the city's ring road. City also hosts 23 of Bulgaria 's 51 inmate classification vg3 education establishments and than! The Saint George Rotunda, today the city are densely built up and lack green spaces employment 52! American films, as well as 20th century classics is 1 degree below zero Centigrade and. 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